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Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada – Complete Translation & Commentary (Verse-by-Verse) – Chapter 1

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada: Chapter 1 Full verse-by-verse explanation of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada (Chapter 1). Translation, deep commentary, practical meditation guidance, Gita & Upanishad references, FAQs —perfect for spiritual learning and yoga study.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra — Samadhi Pada (Chapter 1) Complete Commentary

With Translation, Deep Philosophical Analysis, Practical Application, Yogic Methods, Scriptural Cross-References (Gita, Upanishads, Vyasa Bhāṣya).

Table of Contents

1. Introduction — Why Samadhi Pada matters

2. Section 1: Verses 1–12 — Yogic Foundations

3. Section 2: Verses 13–22 — Practice, Intensity & Detachment

4. Section 3: Verses 23–31 — Ishvara, AUM & Removal of Obstacles

5. Section 4: Verses 32–51 — Advanced Samadhi Techniques & Nirbija Samadhi

6. Practical Meditation Routine (Daily–Weekly)

7. FAQ

8. Final Summary & Suggested Reading

INTRODUCTION — Why Samadhi Pada is the Heart of Yoga

Samadhi Pada (Chapter 1 of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras) is the philosophical and practical foundation of classical yoga. It teaches:

• What is yoga?

• What is the mind?

• Why do we suffer?

• How does meditation work?

• What are obstacles?

• What is samadhi?

• How do we reach liberation?

Across 51 profound sutras, Patanjali maps the entire inner landscape: from the restless mind to pure consciousness.

This commentary includes:

• Deep translation

• Modern psychological interpretation

• Cross-references from Bhagavad Gita & Upanishads

• Practical meditation instructions

• Attainable techniques for modern practitioners

PART 1 Patanjali Yoga Sutra — Samadhi Pada (Chapter 1)

Verses 1–12: Foundation of Yoga, Its Definition, Nature of Mind, and Primary Method

INTRODUCTION

The Significance of Samadhi Pada

Samadhi Pada is the philosophical foundation of yoga practice. It answers four universal questions:

1. What is yoga?
2. What is the mind (citta) and why does it fluctuate?
3. What prevents a human being from perceiving their true nature?
4. What is the method to overcome mental fluctuations?

This chapter is not merely philosophical but deeply practical, describing the mechanics of consciousness and the path toward transcendence.

Patanjali’s approach is scientific: he defines the mind, classifies its modifications, identifies obstacles, and gives precise methods.

Cross-references from:

• Bhagavad Gita (Chapters 2, 6, 12)
• Upanishads (Mandukya, Katha, Shvetashvatara, Taittiriya)
• Vyasa’s Yoga Bhashya, the earliest authoritative commentary
• Vivekananda, Shankara, Bhoja Raja

All are integrated into this elaboration.

PART 1 SECTION 1 – Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada

Verses 1–12: Foundations — Definition of Yoga, Nature of the Mind, and Primary Methods**

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 1 — अथ योगानुशासनम्

atha yogānuśāsanam
Translation:
“Now, the discipline of yoga begins.”

Expanded Commentary

The word atha means now, signaling readiness — not chronological, but spiritual.
It implies:

• A seeker has undergone purification.
• Mind and life are prepared for higher knowledge.
• Humility and receptivity have arisen.

anuśāsanam means authoritative instruction — not mere philosophy but proven experiential science.

Vyasa’s View:

The teachings are transmitted through an unbroken lineage of yogis.

Gita Connection:

Krishna uses a similar opening:
“I shall now explain the supreme secret…” (Gita 9.1)

Practical Application:

Before meditation, prepare the mind through:

• Stillness
• Diet regulation
• Ethical readiness (yamas/niyamas)
• Devotion
• Breath balance

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 2 — योगश्चित्तवृत्तिनिरोधः

yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ
Translation:
“Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind-stuff.”

This is the most famous definition of yoga in all scripture.

Deep Commentary

Citta = the total mental-emotional field (thought, memory, imagination, emotion).
Vṛtti = waves or modifications.
Nirodha = restraint, stilling, non-operation.

Yoga is not about:

• posture
• religion
• belief
• philosophy

But stilling the mind’s movement so the Self shines by itself.

Gita cross-reference:

Krishna says:
“Let a person lift himself by himself…
For the mind is both friend and enemy.” (Gita 6.5–6)

Upanishadic Reference:

Mundaka Up.:
“When the mind is stilled, Brahman is realized.”

Practical Application:

• Begin meditation by observing fluctuations, not suppressing them.
• Gradually cultivate equanimity instead of reaction.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 3 — तदा द्रष्टुः स्वरूपेऽवस्थानम्

tadā draṣṭuḥ svarūpe avasthānam
Translation:
“Then the Seer abides in its own true nature.”

When the mind is still, the Self (drashta) shines as pure consciousness.

Philosophical Insight:

Self-realization is not creating anything new — it is revealing what already exists.

Upanishadic Connection:

Brihadaranyaka:
“Ātman is self-luminous.”

Practical Note:

The goal of meditation is not experience but abidance.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 4 — वृत्तिसारूप्यमितरत्र

vṛtti-sārūpyam itaratra
Translation:
“At all other times, the Seer identifies with the vṛttis.”

This defines ignorance (avidya).

Commentary:

In ordinary life:

• You feel you are your thoughts.
• You think you are your emotions.
• You believe you are your memories.
• You identify with body, age, roles.

But in reality, you are pure awareness watching them.

Practical Application:

During meditation, notice:
“I am aware of this thought.”
Not:
“I am thinking.”

This subtle shift accelerates progress.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 5 — वृत्तयः पञ्चतय्यः क्लिष्टाक्लिष्टाः

vṛttayaḥ pañcatayyaḥ kliṣṭa–akliṣṭāḥ
Translation:
“The vrittis (mental fluctuations) are of five types; they may be painful or painless.”

Five Vrittis = Five Lenses of Mind

The mind is always in one of these states.

Painful vrittis → bondage
Non-painful vrittis → wisdom

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 6 — प्रमाण विपर्यय विकल्प निद्रा स्मृतयः

pramāṇa viparyaya vikalpa nidrā smṛtayaḥ
Translation:
“The five vrittis are: correct knowledge, misperception, imagination, sleep, and memory.”

Let’s expand each:

1. Pramāṇa — Correct Knowledge

Valid cognition through:

• Perception
• Inference
• Testimony

2. Viparyaya — Misperception

Seeing incorrectly (snake instead of rope).
Root of emotional suffering.

3. Vikalpa — Imagination

Concepts created without actual basis.
Modern equivalent: overthinking, mental stories.

4. Nidra — Sleep

A vritti defined by the absence of mental content.
Deep sleep shows mind can be silent.

5. Smṛti — Memory

Impressions resurfacing.
Triggers emotions.
Fuel for identity.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 7 — प्रत्यक्षानुमानागमाः प्रमाणानि

pratyakṣa–anumāna–āgamāḥ pramāṇāni
Translation:
“Valid knowledge arises from direct perception, inference, and reliable testimony.”

Scriptural Cross-Reference:

Identical definition in Nyaya philosophy.

Practical Spiritual Insight:

Spiritual experiences should be validated:

• Saw light? Check if mind was calm.
• Heard inner sound? Check ego was quiet.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 8 — विपर्ययो मिथ्याज्ञानमतद्रूप प्रतिष्ठम्

viparyayo mithyā-jñānam atad-rūpa-pratiṣṭham
Translation:
“Misperception is false knowledge based on a non-factual appearance.”

Everyday Example:

• Anxiety about imagined future
• Misreading people’s intentions
• Judging based on biased memory

Gita Insight:

“Delusion arises from tamas…” (Gita 14.7)

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 9 — शब्दज्ञानानुपाती वस्तुशून्यो विकल्पः

śabda-jñānānupātī vastu-śūnyo vikalpaḥ
Translation:
“Imagination is conceptual knowledge without a real object behind it.”

Examples:

• Imagined fears
• Fictional scenarios
• Hypothetical dialogues
• Fantasies
• Over-interpretations

Meditation Tip:

Label mental stories:
“Imagination.”
They dissolve quickly.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 10 — अभावप्रत्ययालम्बना वृत्तिर्निद्रा

abhāva-pratyayālambanā vṛttir nidrā
Translation:
“Sleep is a vritti based on the perception of absence.”

Sleep is not emptiness — it is a mental state with its own latent impressions.

Mandukya Upanishad:

Describes sushupti (deep sleep) as causal unconsciousness.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 11 — अनुभव विषयासम्प्रमोषः स्मृतिः

anubhūta-viṣayāsampramoṣaḥ smṛtiḥ
Translation:
“Memory is the retention of past experience.”

Practical Insight:

Meditation becomes deep only when memory stops projecting images.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 12 — अभ्यासवैराग्याभ्यां तन्निरोधः

abhyāsa–vairāgyābhyāṁ tan-nirodhaḥ
Translation:
“The vrittis are stilled by practice (abhyasa) and non-attachment (vairagya).”

This is the core method of yoga.

Abhyasa — Practice

Steady, consistent training in focusing the mind.

Vairagya — Dispassion

Letting go of craving and aversion.

Gita Parallel:

“By practice and detachment, the mind is controlled.” (Gita 6.35)

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verses 13–22

Intense Practice • Lifelong Sadhana • Dispassion • Progress Speed • Alternative Paths

This section covers Verses 13–22, including full translation, deep philosophical analysis, scriptural cross-references, practical applications, and expanded insights.

PART 2 Verses 13–22 — Practice, Persistence, Intensity, Detachment & Speed on the Yogic Path

This portion of Samadhi Pada shifts from defining yoga to describing the method and psychology of actual practice. Verses 13–22 together answer:

• How to practice?
• What is long-term sadhana?
• How intense must practice be?
• What is true detachment?
• Who progresses quickly?
• Why do some progress slowly?
• What internal qualities accelerate mastery?

Patanjali now begins his detailed, methodical analysis of the path, transitioning from theory into practical sadhana.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 13 — तत्र स्थितौ यत्नोऽभ्यासः

tatra sthitau yatno’bhyāsaḥ

Translation:
“Practice is the sustained effort to remain firmly established (in the state of mental steadiness).”

Deep Commentary

This is Patanjali’s formal definition of abhyāsa — disciplined, persistent spiritual practice.

Key Elements:

• Yatna – effort, exertion
• Sthitau – in stability, steadiness
• Abhyasa – repeated, disciplined training

Thus, practice is NOT:

• Occasional meditation
• Intellectual study
• Sporadic discipline
• Hobby-level spirituality

Rather:
A continuous effort to remain in a stable, clear, quiet mind-state.

Vyasa’s Commentary

Vyasa writes that practice must be:

• Continuous
• Without interruption
• With devotion
• With full engagement of the mind
• Carried across long periods

Bhagavad Gita Cross-Reference

Krishna echoes Patanjali exactly:

“The mind is controlled by practice and detachment, O Arjuna.”
(Gita 6.35)

Practical Application

Abhyasa means:

• Meditation daily, not occasionally
• Returning to the breath again and again
• Re-stabilizing the mind whenever it wanders
• Building inner discipline gradually

Yoga is not what you do once. Yoga is what you become over years.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 14 — स तु दीर्घकालनैरन्तर्यसत्कारासेवितो दृढभूमिः

sa tu dīrgha-kāla–nairantarya–satkārā–asevito dṛḍha-bhūmiḥ

Translation:
“Practice becomes firmly grounded when done for a long time, without interruption, and with devotion.”

Deep Commentary

Patanjali gives three conditions for successful yoga:

1. दीर्घकाल — dīrgha-kāla — Long Time

Practice must continue:

• Month after month
• Year after year
• Life after life

It is NOT a quick fix.

2. नैरन्तर्य — nairantarya — Without Interruption

Regularity matters more than intensity.

Missing practice creates:

• Loss of sensitivity
• Increased restlessness
• Decreased concentration
• More vrittis

3. सत्कार — satkāra — Devotion, Reverence

Practice must be done with love, sincerity, and dedication.

Mechanical practice produces mechanical results. Devoted practice produces transformation.

Upanishad Connection

Katha Upanishad 1.3.14:
“This Self is attained by continuous effort.”

Practical Application

To develop deep meditation:

• Fix a daily time
• Create sacred space
• Treat practice with respect
• Build discipline gradually
• Sit even when the mind is restless

Consistency > Intensity.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 15 — दृष्टानुश्राविकविषयवितृष्णस्य वशीकारसंज्ञा वैराग्यम्

dṛṣṭa–anuśrāvika–viṣaya–vitṛṣṇasya vaśīkāra–saṃjñā vairāgyam

Translation:
“Detachment (vairagya) is mastery over desire for objects experienced or heard about.”

Deep Commentary

This is a precise definition of spiritual detachment.

Two Types of Objects:

1. दृष्ट—dṛṣṭa — Seen
   Objects we have personally tasted:

• Pleasure
• Pain
• Power
• Wealth
• Fame
• Sensual experience

2. अनुश्राविक—anuśrāvika — Heard of
   Objects known from scriptures or stories:

• Heaven
• Siddhis (powers)
• Higher worlds
• Subtle enjoyments

A yogi must eventually transcend BOTH.

What Is Vairagya?

Not repression
Not hatred of the world
Not running away

But mastery over desire.
A calm steadiness unaffected by attraction or aversion.

Gita Cross-Reference

“By withdrawing the senses from their objects, one becomes established in wisdom.”
(Gita 2.58)

Practical Application

How to cultivate vairagya:

• Observe desires without acting
• Understand their temporary nature
• Practice breath awareness during cravings
• Redirect energy into meditation

When the mind stops expecting fulfillment from the world, it turns inward automatically.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 16 — तत्परं पुरुषख्यातेर्गुणवैतृष्ण्यम्

tat param puruṣa-khyāter guṇa-vaitṛṣṇyam

Translation:
“The highest form of detachment is freedom from desire even for the qualities of nature (gunas) through direct knowledge of the Purusha.”

Deep Commentary

This is parā-vairagya — supreme detachment, arising from direct spiritual experience, not discipline.

Three Gunas

• Sattva — clarity, peace, wisdom
• Rajas — passion, ambition, movement
• Tamas — inertia, dullness

Even sattva must ultimately be transcended.

Why?

Because even sattva binds:

• Pride in purity
• Attachment to peace
• Attachment to bliss
• Attachment to knowledge
• Attachment to virtue

When does para-vairagya arise?

Only after:

• Deep meditation
• Insight into the Self
• Experience of Purusha

Upanishad Reference

Mundaka Upanishad 1.2.12:
“When the Self is known, all desires fall away.”

Practical Application

Signs you are moving toward para-vairagya:

• Less emotional reactivity
• Less dependence on praise
• Less need for control
• Growing inner contentment
• Attraction to silence

At this level, meditation becomes natural and effortless.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 17 — वितर्कविचारानन्दास्मितारूपानुगमात् सम्प्रज्ञातः

vitarka–vicāra–ānanda–asmitā–rūpānugamāt saṃprajñātaḥ

Translation:
“Samprajñata Samadhi (cognitive samadhi) is accompanied by reasoning, reflection, bliss, and pure awareness.”

Deep Commentary

Here Patanjali introduces four stages of cognitive samadhi:

1. Vitarka — Gross examination
   Concentration on gross objects (breath, form, deities).
2. Vicara — Subtle examination
   Focus on subtle objects (energy, chakras, prana, mantras).
3. Ananda — Bliss
   As the mind becomes still, natural joy arises.
4. Asmita — Pure “I-am-ness”
   Awareness without thought.

These are progressive samadhis.

Vyasa’s View

Samprajñata Samadhi is still within the realm of prakriti (nature) but leads toward transcendence.

Gita Reference

Krishna describes these states in:

• Gita 6.20–23 (meditation state)
• Gita 7.4 (subtle/gross objects)

Practical Application

These levels unfold naturally with:

• Regular meditation
• Breath mastery
• Sense withdrawal (pratyahara)

You can’t skip to asmita without passing through vitarka and vicara.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 18 — विरामप्रत्ययाभ्यासपूर्वः संस्कारशेषोऽन्यः

virāma–pratyaya–abhyāsa–pūrvah saṃskāra–śeṣo’nyah

Translation:
“Another type of samadhi (asamprajñata) arises through practice of cessation, in which only latent impressions remain.”

Deep Commentary

This is asamprajñata samadhi — non-cognitive, seedless absorption.

In Samprajñata

Mind is absorbed with object.

In Asamprajñata

Mind is absorbed without object.

What remains?

Only subtle impressions (samskaras) still exist, but are inactive.

Upanishadic Reference

Mundaka 3.2.9:
“The mind is dissolved in the Self.”

Practical Application

This state cannot be willed.
It emerges when:

• Mind totally quiet
• Breath subtle
• Senses withdrawn
• Ego dormant

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 19 — भावप्रत्ययो विदेहप्रकृतिलयानाम्

bhava–pratyayo videha–prakṛti–layānām

Translation:
“Some beings attain this state by birth: the bodiless beings and those absorbed in subtle nature.”

Deep Commentary

Patanjali acknowledges natural mystics:

1. Videha — bodiless beings
   Souls without physical bodies, dwelling in subtle realms.
2. Prakriti-laya — absorbed in subtle nature
   Beings dissolved in high sattvic energy.

But:

They are NOT liberated.
They still belong to nature (prakriti).

Upanishad Reference

Chandogya Upanishad:
Those who reach subtle planes still must return.

Practical Application

Do not be impressed by:

• Psychic abilities
• Astral experiences
• Subtle visions

They are not signs of final liberation.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 20 — श्रद्धावीर्यस्मृतिसमाधिप्रज्ञापूर्वक इतरेषाम्

śraddhā–vīrya–smṛti–samādhi–prajñā–pūrvaka itareṣām

Translation:
“For others, this state is attained through faith, energy, memory, meditation, and wisdom.”

Deep Commentary

Patanjali gives five essential qualities for yogic progress:

1. Śraddhā — Faith

Not blind belief, but:

• Trust in the path
• Trust in the teacher
• Trust in one’s own capacity

2. Vīrya — Energy, Strength, Enthusiasm

Vital life-force directed toward sadhana.

3. Smṛti — Memory, Mindfulness

Ability to remember the goal and return to the practice again and again.

4. Samādhi — Meditative Absorption

The inward movement of attention.

5. Prajñā — Wisdom

Insight into the nature of mind and Self.

Upanishad Reference

Katha Upanishad:
“Arise! Awake! Attain the highest through the wise.”

Practical Application

Cultivate:

• Devotion (faith)
• Healthy lifestyle (energy)
• Daily reflection (memory)
• Meditation habit (samadhi)
• Study + introspection (wisdom)

These qualities accelerate inner growth.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 21 — तीव्रसंवेगानामासन्नः

tīvra–saṃvegānām āsannaḥ

Translation:
“For those who are intensely committed, samadhi is near.”

Deep Commentary

The more passionately and sincerely one seeks liberation, the faster it comes.

Tīvra Saṁvega means:

• Intense yearning for truth
• Fire-like determination
• Urgency
• Life-altering focus

Gita Parallel

Krishna says:

“Among thousands, one seeks Me.”
(Gita 7.3)

Intensity makes spiritual evolution rapid.

Practical Application

Cultivate:

• Sankalpa (firm resolve)
• Clear intention
• Strong daily discipline
• Burning aspiration

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 22 — मन्दमध्याधिमात्रत्वात्ततोऽपि विशेषः

manda–madhya–adhimātratvāt tato’pi viśeṣaḥ

Translation:
“The success is further divided into slow, moderate, and intense categories depending on the degree of effort.”

Deep Commentary

Patanjali describes three types of seekers:

1. Manda — Slow

• Inconsistent practice
• Low discipline
• Lukewarm aspiration

2. Madhya — Moderate

• Regular practice
• Moderate enthusiasm
• Balanced life

3. Adhimatra — Intense

• Dynamic practice
• High devotion
• Strong, disciplined routine

Practical Application

Assess your category honestly.
Then:

• Adjust effort
• Increase consistency
• Purify lifestyle
• Deepen motivation

The more you give to practice, the more practice gives back.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada PART 3 — Verses 23–31

Ishvara, OM (AUM), Devotion, Inner Sound, Pratyahara, and Removal of Obstacles

Below is PART 3 of the full-length Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada commentary.

This section covers:

Verses 23–31 — Ishvara, OM, AUM-Japa, Inner Stillness, Pratyahara & Removal of Obstacles

This is a crucial turning point in the chapter. After explaining abhyasa and vairagya, Patanjali introduces a third and extremely powerful method of attaining samadhi:

➡️ Ishvara-Pranidhana — Profound meditation upon the Supreme Being
➡️ AUM — The primordial sound used to connect with Ishvara
➡️ Pratyahara — Turning the senses inward
➡️ Obstacles — The psychological, mental, and energetic blocks on the path

This portion is both philosophical and extremely practical.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 23 — ईश्वरप्रणिधानाद्वा

īśvara-praṇidhānād-vā

Translation:
“Or, samadhi is attained through profound devotion and surrender to Ishvara.”

Deep Commentary

This verse is surprising because Patanjali has been very analytical so far. Suddenly, he introduces Bhakti as a direct path to samadhi.

What is Ishvara-Pranidhana?

• Not blind worship
• Not religious ritual
• Not theology
• Not sectarian belief
• Not dogma

It is constant inward surrender to a higher intelligence.

Why does Ishvara-Pranidhana work?

Because:

• It removes ego
• It dissolves effort
• It creates humility
• It softens the heart
• It opens intuition
• It invokes grace

Yoga + Grace

While yoga often emphasizes personal effort, Patanjali acknowledges that:

Grace can accelerate liberation faster than effort.

Bhagavad Gita Connection

“Kartikeya, Arjuna — think of Me, surrender to Me, and you shall reach Me.”
(Gita 18.66)

Krishna’s teaching parallels Patanjali’s insight.

Upanishadic Connection

Mundaka Upanishad:
“The Self chooses the one who seeks Him.”

This means:
Self-realization is both effort AND grace.

Practical Application

• Meditate on your chosen deity (Ishta Devata)
• Offer the fruits of actions
• Surrender outcomes
• Repeat AUM with devotion
• Feel the Divine Presence within the heart

This method transforms the entire path.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 24 — क्लेशकर्मविपाकाशयैरपरामृष्टः पुरुषविशेष ईश्वरः

kleśa–karma–vipāka–āśayair aparāmṛṣṭaḥ puruṣa-viśeṣa īśvaraḥ

Translation:
“Ishvara is a special Purusha, untouched by suffering, karma, consequences of actions, or latent impressions.”

Deep Commentary

Patanjali now defines Ishvara without using religious language.

Characteristics of Ishvara:

1. Untouched by kleshas
   No ignorance, ego, attachment, aversion, or fear.
2. Untouched by karma
   Acts without being bound by actions.
3. Untouched by vipaka
   Experiences no karmic results.
4. Untouched by asaya
   Holds no subconscious impressions.

Why does Patanjali use “puruṣa-viśeṣa”?

Because Ishvara is:

• Not bound
• Not conditioned
• Not limited
• Ever-free
• Eternal
• The ultimate teacher

Important Note

Patanjali does not name Ishvara as:

• Vishnu
• Shiva
• Krishna
• Brahman
• Devi

He keeps the description universal.

Upanishadic Connection

“That Supreme Purusha is higher than all.”
(Svetasvatara Upanishad 3.3)

Practical Application

Meditation on Ishvara is meditation upon:

• Infinite consciousness
• Infinite compassion
• Infinite clarity
• Infinite presence

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 25 — तत्र निरतिशयं सर्वज्ञबीजम्

tatra niratiśayaṃ sarvajña-bījam

Translation:
“In Ishvara lies the seed of all-knowing, the source of all wisdom.”

Deep Commentary

Why meditate upon Ishvara?

Because Ishvara is:

• The origin of all intelligence
• The source of intuition
• The root of all knowledge
• The resting place of truth

“Sarvajna-Bijam” — The Seed of Omniscience

Not omniscience in the sense of storing infinite facts.

Rather:
The root source of all true knowing.

Practical Application

Meditating on Ishvara connects the yogi to:

• Universal intelligence
• Deeper intuition
• Spiritual insight
• Guidance
• Clarity

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 26 — स एष पूर्वेषामपि गुरुः कालेनानवच्छेदात्

sa eṣa pūrveṣām api guruḥ kālena-anavacchedāt

Translation:
“Ishvara is the teacher of all ancient teachers, because He is not limited by time.”

Deep Commentary

Ishvara is the original guru, the eternal source of knowledge.

Why?

Because Ishvara is:

• Beyond time
• Beyond birth
• Beyond death
• Beyond mental fluctuations

Thus:

• All enlightened beings draw their wisdom from this source.
• Ishvara is the “Adi Guru” — the primal teacher.

Scriptural Cross-References

• In Yoga-Vasistha, Rama learns that the Self is the eternal teacher.
• Bhagavad Gita 4.1 — Krishna reveals He taught the Sun-god first.
• Upanishads call this “Adhyatma-Guru.”

Practical Application

Every form of spiritual guidance ultimately comes from Ishvara:

• Intuition
• Inner voice
• Spiritual clarity
• Insight during meditation

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 27 — तस्य वाचकः प्रणवः

tasya vācakaḥ praṇavaḥ

Translation:
“The expression (or symbol) of Ishvara is the sacred syllable AUM.”

Deep Commentary

Patanjali now reveals the method to connect with Ishvara:

➡️ AUM (OM) is the vibrational expression of the Divine.

Why AUM?

Because:

• A = waking (gross) consciousness
• U = dreaming (subtle) consciousness
• M = deep sleep (causal) consciousness
• Silence = Turiya (pure Self)

Mandukya Upanishad

The entire Upanishad declares:

“AUM is the Self. AUM is the universe.”

The Sound of Creation

AUM is the sound:

• Before thoughts
• Beneath reality
• Beyond mind
• Underlying all existence

Practical Application

Chanting AUM:

• Purifies mind
• Calms nervous system
• Awakens intuition
• Opens spiritual perception

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 28 — तज्जपस्तदर्थभावनम्

tajjapas tad-artha-bhāvanam

Translation:
“Repeat AUM and contemplate its meaning.”

Deep Commentary

Two steps:

1. Japa — Repetition of AUM

Slow, continuous, heartfelt repetition.

Types:

• Out loud
• Whisper
• Mental repetition

2. Bhavana — Deep Feeling / Contemplation

Reflect upon:

• Its meaning
• Its subtlety
• Its resonance
• Its connection to Ishvara
• Its transformative power

Without Bhavana → Mechanical

With Bhavana → Transformative

Practical Application

Learn to:

• Chant AUM slowly
• Feel its vibration in the spine
• Connect the sound to the breath
• Feel its silence

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 29 — ततः प्रत्यक्चेतनाधिगमोऽप्यन्तरायाभावश्च

tataḥ pratyak–cetanā–adhigamo’py antarāyābhāvaś ca

Translation:
“From this practice arises inward consciousness and the removal of obstacles.”

Deep Commentary

Two profound results:

1. Pratyak-Chetana-Adhigama

The turning inward of consciousness.

This is the foundation of:

• Dharana (concentration)
• Dhyana (meditation)
• Samadhi (absorption)

Result:

The mind naturally moves inward.
External noise becomes irrelevant.

2. Antarayabhava

Obstacles dissolve.

This is Patanjali’s promise:

➡️ AUM removes obstacles faster than any other technique.

Because AUM:

• Cuts through subconscious noise
• Harmonizes brain hemispheres
• Balances pranic flow
• Purifies nadis
• Reduces rajas & tamas
• Invokes divine grace

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 30 — व्याधि-स्त्यान-सम्शय-प्रमाद-आलस्य-अविरति- भ्रान्तिदर्शन-अलब्धभूमिकत्व-अनवस्थितत्वानि चित्तविक्षेपास्तेऽन्तरायाः

vyādhi–styāna–saṃśaya–pramāda–ālasya–avirati–bhrānti–darśana–alabdha–bhūmikatva–anavasthitatvāni citta-vikṣepāḥ te’ntarāyāḥ

Translation:
“The obstacles to yoga are: disease, dullness, doubt, carelessness, laziness, sensory indulgence, mistaken perception, failure to attain stages, and inability to maintain progress.”

Deep Commentary

Patanjali lists 9 major obstacles:

1. Vyadhi — Physical Disease

Illness disturbs meditation.

Remedy:

• Asana
• Ayurveda
• Healthy diet
• Pranayama

2. Styana — Mental stagnation

Heaviness, lethargy of mind.

Remedy:

• Light food
• Rest
• Sunlight
• Movement

3. Samsaya — Doubt

Doubt about:

• Yourself
• The path
• The teacher
• The scriptures

Remedy:

• Study
• Satsang
• Personal experience

4. Pramada — Carelessness / Non-attentiveness

Lack of mindfulness.

Remedy:

• Observe the breath
• Slow down

5. Alasya — Laziness

Spiritual laziness.

Remedy:

• Establish a routine
• Cultivate discipline

6. Avirati — Sensual Overindulgence

Inability to withdraw senses.

Remedy:

• Pratyahara
• Moderation
• Awareness

7. Bhranti-Darsana — Misperception

Delusion, false conclusions.

Remedy:

• Guidance
• Inner clarity
• Scripture

8. Alabdha-Bhumikatva — Failure to progress

Unable to reach deeper states.

Remedy:

• Remove distractions
• Increase discipline

9. Anavasthitatva — Inability to maintain progress

Temporary progress, then fall.

Remedy:

• Stabilizing practice
• Balanced lifestyle

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 31 — दुःख-दौर्मनस्य-अङ्गमेजयत्व-श्वासप्रश्वासा विक्षेप सहबुवाः

duḥkha–daurmanasya–aṅgamejayatva–śvāsa–praśvāsāḥ vikṣepa-sahabhuvaḥ

Translation:
“Suffering, despair, unsteadiness of the body, and irregular breathing accompany mental distraction.”

Deep Commentary

When the mind is disturbed, the body immediately reflects it.

Symptoms of distraction:

1. Duhkha — discomfort
2. Daurmanasya — depression, sadness
3. Angamejayatva — restlessness, fidgeting
4. Shvasa-prashvasa — irregular breathing

This is yogic psychology 101:

➡️ Disturbed breath = disturbed mind
➡️ Disturbed mind = disturbed body

Practical Application

Observe:

• When anxious → breath becomes shallow
• When angry → breath becomes hot
• When stressed → body becomes stiff
• When restless → body fidgets

Thus the yogi:

• Calms breath → calms mind
• Calms mind → calms body

Pranayama + AUM = powerful antidote to these symptoms.

PART 4 — Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verses 32–51

The final segment of Samadhi Pada:
Removal of obstacles, advanced meditation methods, the mechanics of samadhi, subtle objects, seedless samadhi, and the highest state.

Below is PART 4, the final and longest section of the Samādhi Pāda commentary.

This section covers:

Verses 32–51 — Subtle Obstacles, Advanced Meditation Methods, Dharana–Dhyana–Samadhi, Vrittis, Subtle Objects, Seedless Samadhi, and the Final State

This is the most technical and esoteric part of Samadhi Pada. Patanjali now explains:

✔ how to remove mental obstacles
✔ how to refine meditation
✔ how to stabilize the mind
✔ how to deal with emotions
✔ how to use breath, concentration, subtle perception
✔ how samadhi deepens through multiple layers
✔ how impressions dissolve
✔ and how the yogi reaches nirbīja samadhi (seedless, objectless absorption)

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 32 — तत्प्रतिषेधार्थमेकतत्त्वाभ्यासः

tat-pratiṣedhārtham eka-tattvābhyāsaḥ

Translation:
“For removing these obstacles, practice the one-pointed method.”

Deep Commentary

After listing nine obstacles and their symptoms, Patanjali gives the direct antidote:

➡️ One-pointed concentration on a single tattva (principle, method, or object).

What is Eka-Tattva Abhyasa?

• Focusing on one practice deeply
• Choosing one method and mastering it
• Sticking with one object of meditation
• Avoiding spiritual scatter
• Not switching techniques constantly

Today, people jump from:

• Method to method
• Guru to guru
• Book to book
• Technique to technique

➡️ This creates spiritual fragmentation, preventing depth.

Classical Examples of Eka-Tattva:

• AUM japa
• Breath awareness
• Focus on the heart center
• A chosen deity (Ishta Devata)
• Inner light
• Inner sound
• Witnessing the mind

Gita Cross-Reference

“By one-pointed devotion, the yogi sees Me alone.”
(Gita 6.47)

Practical Application

Choose one practice and commit for months:

• One mantra
• One meditation
• One pranayama
• One sankalpa

Depth > variety.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 33 — मैत्रीकरुणामुदितोपेक्षणां सुखदुःखपुण्यापुण्यविषयाणां भावनातश्चित्तप्रसादनम्

maitrī–karuṇā–mudita–upekṣāṇāṃ sukha–duḥkha–puṇya–apuṇya–viṣayāṇāṃ bhāvanātaś citta-prasādanam

Translation:
“The mind becomes serene by cultivating friendliness toward the happy, compassion for the suffering, joy for the virtuous, and neutrality toward the non-virtuous.”

Deep Commentary

This is one of the most essential psychological tools in yoga.

Patanjali gives four attitudes that purify the mind and prevent emotional contamination.

1. Maitrī — Friendliness toward the happy

Do not envy others’ success.

ENVY blocks meditation.

2. Karuṇā — Compassion toward the suffering

Do not judge the suffering; offer empathy.

CRUELTY blocks meditation.

3. Muditā — Joy toward the virtuous

Celebrate goodness wherever you see it.

RESENTMENT blocks meditation.

4. Upekṣā — Neutrality toward the wicked

Do not get disturbed by immoral people.

ANGER blocks meditation.

Why These Four?

Because mental poisons arise from:

• envy
• cruelty
• jealousy
• anger
• hatred
• judgment

These disturb citta and create vrittis.

Practical Application

Train the mind daily:

• Bless those who succeed
• Feel with those who suffer
• Celebrate virtue
• Ignore the wicked

Your mind becomes light, clear, serene — perfect for meditation.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 34 — प्रच्छर्दनविधारणाभ्यां वा प्राणस्य

pracchardana–vidhāraṇābhyāṃ vā prāṇasya

Translation:
“Or by the regulated exhalation and retention of breath, the mind is steadied.”

Deep Commentary

This verse introduces pranayama as a direct means to quiet the mind.

Two main aspects:

1. Pracchardana — Exhalation (expelling breath)
2. Vidhāraṇa — Retention (holding breath)

Why does pranayama calm the mind?

Because breath and mind are interlinked:

➡️ Fast breath → fast thoughts
➡️ Slow breath → slow thoughts
➡️ Deep breath → deep awareness
➡️ Subtle breath → subtle consciousness

Katha Upanishad Connection

“When the senses and mind are still through breath control, the yogi attains the supreme state.”
(Katha Upanishad 2.3.10)

Practical Application

Techniques:

• Slow exhalation (double the inhalation)
• Box breathing (4-4-4-4)
• Kumbhaka (breath retention)
• Nadi Shodhana (alternate nostril breathing)

Pranayama is the quickest way to:

• reduce anxiety
• calm the nervous system
• balance prana
• enter meditation

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 35 — विषयवती वा प्रवृत्तिरुत्पन्ना मनसः स्थितिनिबन्धिनी

viṣayavatī vā pravṛttir utpannā manasaḥ sthiti-nibandhinī

Translation:
“Or stability of mind is achieved when the mind perceives subtle objects resembling external objects.”

Deep Commentary

This verse refers to superphysical perception.

After deep practice:

• Inner objects appear
• Inner visions arise
• Sounds, lights, symbols emerge

These resemble outer objects but are not physical.

Examples:

• Light in the forehead
• Inner sound (nada)
• Geometric forms
• Subtle deities
• Mantric forms

Why does this help?

Such perceptions:

• Pull the mind inward
• Stabilize attention
• Increase concentration
• Prepare for dharana

Caution

These are not goals.
They are natural side-effects.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 36 — विशोका वा ज्योतिष्मती

viśokā vā jyotiṣmatī

Translation:
“Or the mind is stabilized by experiencing a sorrowless and luminous state.”

Deep Commentary

Two powerful inner states bring immediate calm:

1. Viśoka — Sorrowless state

A wave of inner bliss, peace, or neutrality that dissolves grief.

2. Jyotiṣmatī — Inner Light

A luminous perception often felt during meditation.

Upanishadic Connection

“The Self shines as the light within the heart.”
(Chandogya 8.6.1)

Practical Application

If you ever feel:

• inner peace
• silent joy
• sudden clarity
• lightness
• spaciousness

➡️ Let the mind rest in it.
It is a doorway to dhyana.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 37 — वीतरागविषयं वा चित्तम्

vīta–rāga–viṣayaṃ vā cittam

Translation:
“Or by focusing the mind on someone who has transcended passions.”

Deep Commentary

Meditating on a realized being purifies the mind quickly.

This is why spiritual masters are important:

• Their aura is sattvic
• Their presence calms the mind
• Their consciousness influences the seeker

In the Upanishads, a realized guru is described as:
“Śrotriya and Brahma-nishtha”
— rooted in knowledge and abiding in Brahman.

Practical Application

Meditate on:

• Guru
• Saints
• Enlightened masters
• Their life
• Their teachings
• Their image
• Their consciousness

This elevates the mind instantly.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 38 — स्वप्ननिद्राज्ञानालम्बनं वा

svapna-nidrā-jñāna-ālambanaṃ vā

Translation:
“Or by using dream or deep sleep experiences as objects of meditation.”

Deep Commentary

Patanjali reveals a rare technique:
➡️ Using dream-witnessing as meditation
➡️ Becoming conscious during deep sleep

This produces:

• clarity
• detachment
• recognition of the mind’s nature
• entry into turiya

Mandukya Upanishad Connection

“The fourth state (turīya) is realized by observing waking, dreaming, and deep sleep.”

Practical Application

• Practice dream journaling
• Practice witnessing in dreams
• Observe the mind before sleep
• Become conscious of sleep’s border

These refine awareness dramatically.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 39 — यथाभिमतध्यानाद्वा

yathā–abhimata–dhyānād vā

Translation:
“Or by meditating on any object of one’s choice.”

Deep Commentary

This is an extremely inclusive, universal sutra.

Patanjali says:
➡️ Choose whatever object inspires you.
Meditation works if the mind becomes one-pointed.

Examples:

• A deity
• A flame
• A sound
• A mantra
• Breath
• Heart center
• A spiritual idea
• Even a moral virtue

Practical Wisdom

Your chosen object should:

• elevate you
• calm you
• feel natural
• inspire faith
• not create agitation

Meditation must be tailored to temperament.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 40 — परमानु परमहत्त्वान्तोऽस्य वशीकारः

paramāṇu–parama–mahattva–anto’sya vaśīkāraḥ

Translation:
“The yogi gains mastery over awareness at both the subtlest atomic level and the vast cosmic level.”

Deep Commentary

This does not mean the yogi controls atoms or galaxies.

It means:
➡️ He gains mastery over his relationship with all perceptions.

The yogi can:

• perceive subtle phenomena
• grasp cosmic truths
• see macro and micro simultaneously
• expand and contract consciousness
• remain undisturbed regardless of object

This is the beginning of super-perception.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 41 — क्षीणवृत्तेरभिजातस्येव मणेर्ग्रहीतृग्रहणग्राह्येषु तत्स्ततदञ्जनतासमापत्तिः

kṣīṇa-vṛtter abhijātasya iva maṇer grahītṛ–grahaṇa–grāhyeṣu tat-stha-tad-añjanatā samāpattiḥ

Translation:
“When the vrittis diminish, samāpatti (absorption) occurs — where the knower, the knowing, and the known become one, like a transparent crystal taking the color of what is placed near it.”

Deep Commentary

This is one of the most beautiful and important sutras.

Samāpatti = Fusion

Fusion of:

• Grahitā — the perceiver
• Grahaṇa — the act of perception
• Grāhya — the object

Like a crystal appearing red when placed near a red flower.

Why is this powerful?

Because:

• Ego dissolves
• Duality collapses
• Awareness expands
• Samadhi begins

This is a direct description of yogic absorption.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 42 — तत्र शब्दार्थज्ञानविकल्पैः संकीर्णा सवितर्का समापत्तिः

tatra śabda–artha–jñāna–vikalpaiḥ saṅkīrṇā savitarkā samāpattiḥ

Translation:
“Savitarka Samāpatti is absorption where word, meaning, and knowledge intermingle.”

Deep Commentary

This is samadhi with gross object and verbal associations.

Example:

• Meditating on “tree”
• Word “tree,” form of the tree, and concept of the tree mix

This is an early stage of concentration.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 43 — स्मृतिपरिशुद्धौ स्वरूपशून्येवार्थमात्रनिर्भासा निर्वितर्का

smṛti–pariśuddhau svarūpa–śūnyeva artha–mātra–nirbhāsā nirvitarkā

Translation:
“When memory is purified, Nirvitarka Samāpatti occurs — where the object shines alone without conceptual associations.”

Deep Commentary

This is a deeper, more refined state.

Characteristics:

• No verbal association
• No conceptual overlay
• Mind becomes transparent
• Object appears in its pure form

This is the beginning of true yogic perception.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 44 — एतयैव सविचारा निर्विचारा च सूक्ष्मविषया व्याख्याता

etayā eva savicārā nirvicārā ca sūkṣma-viṣayā vyākhyātā

Translation:
“By the same process, Savichara and Nirvichara Samāpatti on subtle objects are explained.”

Deep Commentary

These two relate to subtle (sūkṣma) objects:

• Mantras
• Energies
• Nadis
• Tanmatras
• Inner light
• Inner sound

Nirvichara is the deepest subtle samadhi before the experience of the gunas dissolving.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 45 — सूक्ष्मविषयत्वं चालिङ्गपार्यवसानम्

sūkṣma-viṣayatvaṃ ca aliṅga-paryavasānam

Translation:
“The subtle object culminates in the unmanifest (alinga) state.”

Deep Commentary

The yogi reaches the state where:

• matter has no characteristics
• prakriti is in seed form
• the unmanifest root is experienced

This is the limit of subtle meditation.

Beyond this is Purusha — pure consciousness.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 46 — ता एव सबीजः समाधिः

tā eva sabījaḥ samādhiḥ

Translation:
“All the above are samadhis with seed (sabīja).”

Deep Commentary

Sabīja = “with seed.”

This means:

• Object-based
• With impressions
• With support
• With subtle duality

This is NOT final liberation, but a high attainment.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 47 — निर्विचारवैशारद्येऽध्यात्मप्रसादः

nirvicāra–vaiśāradye adhyātma-prasādaḥ

Translation:
“When Nirvichara Samadhi becomes clear, inner serenity and clarity arise.”

Deep Commentary

Nirvichara Samadhi produces:

• spiritual clarity
• inner luminosity
• intuitive knowledge
• profound tranquility

This is the true beginning of pure spiritual wisdom.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 48 — ऋतम्भरा तत्र प्रज्ञा

ṛtambharā tatra prajñā

Translation:
“Then arises truth-bearing wisdom (ṛtambharā prajñā).”

Deep Commentary

Ritambhara Prajna = Truth-filled insight

This is:

• beyond logic
• beyond intellect
• beyond scriptural knowledge

It is direct, self-evident, intuitive knowing.

The Upanishads call this:

• Jnana-Chakshu (eye of wisdom)
• Prajnana (pure knowing)

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 49 — श्रुतानुमानप्रज्ञाभ्यामन्यविषया विशेषार्थत्वात्

śruta–anumāna–prajñābhyām anya-viṣayā viśeṣārthatvāt

Translation:
“This wisdom is different from knowledge gained from scriptures or reasoning.”

Deep Commentary

Why?

Because:

• Scripture is second-hand
• Reasoning is mental
• Logic is limited

But:

• Ritambhara Prajna is first-hand
• Direct
• Non-conceptual
• Unmediated

This is the highest type of knowing available while still in prakriti.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 50 — तज्जः संस्कारोऽन्यसंस्कारप्रतिबन्धी

taj-jaḥ saṃskāro anya-saṃskāra-pratibandhī

Translation:
“The impression produced from this wisdom prevents other (lower) impressions.”

Deep Commentary

Ritambhara Prajna creates a mega-impression so powerful that it:

• suppresses old karmic impressions
• dissolves vrittis
• weakens desires
• purifies subconscious
• prepares for final liberation

It cleans the mind like a cosmic purifier.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada Verse 51 — तस्यापि निरोधे सर्वनिरोधान्निर्बीजः समाधिः

tasyāpi nirodhe sarva-nirodhān nirbījaḥ samādhiḥ

Translation:
“When even that impression is dissolved, all impressions cease, and seedless (nirbīja) samadhi is attained.”

Deep Commentary

This is the crowning jewel of the entire chapter.

Nirbīja Samādhi:

• No object
• No seed
• No thought
• No memory
• No ego
• No mind
• No samskara
• No duality

This is:

• Moksha
• Kaivalya
• Liberation
• Pure Being
• Purusha resting in its own nature

The Self shines alone.

END OF PART 4 — Completion of Patanjali Yoga Sutra Samadhi Pada (Chapter 1)

You now have a complete, deep, philosophical, practical, scriptural, and comprehensive commentary on all 51 sutras.

PRACTICAL MEDITATION ROUTINE

Daily (30–45 minutes)

• 5 min: Sit, spine straight, breath awareness

• 10 min: Slow exhalation pranayama (pracchardana)

• 10–20 min: AUM Japa or breath meditation

• Note one obstacle from the day

Weekly

• One long sitting (45–60 min)

• One digital detox session

• Study 1–2 sutras

Monthly

• Track:

  • stability

  • vrittis

  • emotional reactions

  • clarity

  • discipline

FAQ Samadhi Pada in Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra – Panditji on way

What is Samadhi Pada in Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra?

Short Snippet Answer:
Samadhi Pada is the first chapter of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra explaining the definition of yoga, the nature of the mind, obstacles to meditation, and the stages of samadhi.

Expanded Answer:
Samadhi Pada is Chapter 1 of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras. It covers 51 sutras that explain what yoga truly is: the stilling of mental fluctuations. It describes the five vrittis (mental patterns), obstacles like doubt and laziness, techniques such as AUM meditation and pranayama, and the progression from basic concentration to nirbija samadhi (seedless meditation). It is considered the foundation of classical yoga philosophy.

What does “Yogaś Citta Vṛtti Nirodhaḥ” mean?

Short Answer:
It means “Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.”

Long Answer:
“Yogaś Citta Vṛtti Nirodhaḥ” defines yoga as the process of calming and stopping the mind’s fluctuations. When thoughts, emotions, memories, and imagination settle, the inner Self becomes visible. This is the central definition of yoga according to Patanjali and the basis of all meditation practices.

What are the five vrittis according to Patanjali?

Short Answer:
The five vrittis are:

1. Pramana (correct knowledge)
2. Viparyaya (misperception)
3. Vikalpa (imagination)
4. Nidra (sleep)
5. Smriti (memory)

Long Answer:
Patanjali categorizes all mental activity into five forms called vrittis. They determine how we perceive reality and how our mind reacts. Yoga practice begins by observing these vrittis and reducing their influence through meditation, breath control, detachment, and mantra.

What is the purpose of Samadhi Pada?

Short Answer:
Samadhi Pada explains how to quiet the mind and enter deeper states of meditation.

Expanded:
The purpose of Samadhi Pada is to guide practitioners from basic concentration to the highest state of samadhi. It outlines the obstacles that disturb the mind, the methods to remove them, and the psychological states that arise during meditation. The chapter ultimately leads practitioners toward self-realization.

What is the meaning of Ishvara Pranidhana in the Yoga Sutras?

Short Answer:
Ishvara Pranidhana means surrendering to a higher power or Divine consciousness.

Expanded Answer:
Ishvara Pranidhana is devotion, surrender, or deep trust in the Divine. Patanjali describes it as one of the quickest ways to attain samadhi. It reduces ego, increases peace, and creates a direct connection to universal intelligence. Combined with AUM meditation, it becomes a powerful tool for overcoming obstacles.

Why is AUM important in Samadhi Pada?

Short Answer:
AUM is the sound symbol of Ishvara and a powerful meditation tool.

Expanded Answer:
AUM (or OM) is described as the vibrational expression of the Divine. Chanting AUM purifies the mind, stabilizes breathing, harmonizes the nervous system, and invokes spiritual clarity. Patanjali says that repeating AUM while contemplating its meaning leads to inward awareness and removes mental obstacles quickly.

What are the nine obstacles (Antaraya) mentioned in Samadhi Pada?

Short Answer:
Disease, dullness, doubt, carelessness, laziness, overindulgence, delusion, failure to progress, and instability of progress.

Expanded:
These nine obstacles disturb meditation and create mental imbalance. Patanjali calls them “citta vikṣepāḥ” because they scatter attention. Recognizing these obstacles early helps one correct lifestyle, improve discipline, and refine meditation practices.

What is Nirbija Samadhi?

Short Answer:
Nirbija Samadhi is seedless samadhi, where all impressions and mental activity cease completely.

Expanded:
Nirbija Samadhi is considered the highest goal of yoga. In this state, the mind dissolves, duality disappears, and the practitioner rests in pure consciousness. There is no object, no thought, no seed, and no mental movement. It is synonymous with liberation or kaivalya.

What is the difference between Sabija and Nirbija Samadhi?

Short Answer:
Sabija Samadhi has an object of meditation; Nirbija Samadhi is objectless and fully liberated.

Expanded:
Sabija Samadhi includes stages like vitarka, vicara, ananda, and asmita—each involving an object or subtle seed. Nirbija Samadhi transcends all seeds, thoughts, and impressions. It represents total stillness of the mind and the dissolution of ego.

How do you practice meditation according to Samadhi Pada?

Short Answer:
By practicing one-pointed focus, breath control, mantra (AUM) repetition, emotional purification, and detachment.

Overview Answer:
Samadhi Pada recommends a combination of techniques such as:

• consistent meditation (abhyasa)
• non-attachment (vairagya)
• AUM japa
• pranayama
• focusing on one object
• cultivating compassion, joy, and equanimity
• withdrawing senses inward (pratyahara)

This holistic approach stabilizes the mind and leads toward samadhi.

BONUS: 5 Advanced FAQs

11. What is Samāpatti in Patanjali Yoga Sutras?

A state where the mind becomes crystal-clear and fully absorbs the object of meditation.

12. How does pranayama help achieve samadhi?

Slow exhalation and breath retention calm the nervous system and reduce vrittis.

13. What are Vitarka, Vicara, Ananda, and Asmita samadhis?

They are stages of cognitive samadhi ranging from gross object focus to pure “I-am-ness.”

14. What is Ritambhara Prajna?

Truth-bearing wisdom that arises from deep meditation, superior to scriptural or logical knowledge.

15. Why does Patanjali emphasize one-pointed focus?

Because it destroys mental fragmentation and creates deep concentration.